The microporous plastic separator materials are commonly made from polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), which are readily recycled. These plastics are recovered and supplied to plastics recycling companies.

The high-value steel casing materials that maintain the structural integrity of the batteries and afford chemical resistance and corrosion protection are recovered and supplied to metals recycling companies.

The anode current collectors have a substrate of copper and aluminium foil are also recovered and supplied to metals recycling companies.

The black mass contains the active materials for the operation of batteries. During a following processes, it is possible to extract from these active materials lithium, nickel and cobalt in a suitable form for reuse in making battery cathode materials.

It is suitable as a raw material for precursor cathode active materials used in the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries.

Is a high purity crystalline nickel sulphate hexahydrate with very low levels of impurities.

Ammonium sulphate is commonly used as a fertilizer or in blends where it contributes the key nutrients, nitrogen and sulphur.

Manganese sulphate is used as a fertilizer and as a livestock supplement where soils are manganese deficient.

Lithium sulphate solution is a precursor material for lithium hydroxide monohydrate, a raw material used in the manufacture of lithium-ion-batteries.

Copper sulphate is commonly used as a fungicide, algicide and herbicide.

The graphite anodes are recovered in the form of a graphitic residue that can be further processed to yield high quality graphite and potentially reused in lithium-ion battery anodes.